1 00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:32,512 Look around you. 2 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,355 Look around you. 3 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,914 Just look around you. 4 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,313 Have you worked out what we're looking for? 5 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:54,358 Correct. The answer is... 6 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:01,717 This programme, "Sulphur", 7 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:04,349 can be found in chapter 4 of your textbook, 8 00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:06,432 which accompanies this series. 9 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:09,796 Please ensure you have your copybook at hand, 10 00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:12,794 as you'll be asked to take down notes from the screen 11 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:16,072 at various points throughout the programme. 12 00:01:17,360 --> 00:01:21,195 What's the first thing you think of when you hear the word sulphur? 13 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:24,680 The benediction of Our Lady Margaret? 14 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:28,436 Hydro-sulphic chlorination of tetrametazine? 15 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:31,434 Or perhaps you think of other things. 16 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:38,476 But think again, because sulphur, 17 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:41,394 valency 16, atomic weight 32, 18 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:44,917 Citadel 5 1 5 7 000, 19 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:49,120 is one of the building blocks of life itself. 20 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:52,351 Ulphur... 21 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,596 Sulphur. 22 00:01:57,600 --> 00:02:00,877 Write that down in your copybook now. 23 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:14,991 Sulphur, like iron, nickel and steel, is a metal. 24 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:18,794 It may not look like it, but it is. 25 00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:22,717 We all know that if we place a magnet close to most metals, 26 00:02:22,880 --> 00:02:25,554 this happens. They stick. 27 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:28,434 It's called magnetism. 28 00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:31,069 But what about sulphur? 29 00:02:37,360 --> 00:02:39,352 An experiment was carried out 30 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:42,513 to ascertain whether sulphur is attracted to magnets. 31 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:49,314 A lump of sulphur is placed carefully onto a Bestal Heim plate. 32 00:02:52,920 --> 00:02:57,278 The Bestal Heim is transported to the base of a tripod... 33 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:02,432 (REVERSE WARNING TONE) 34 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:06,233 ..and then covered with an ordinary tissue. 35 00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:09,195 Now we fetch the magnet. 36 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:13,759 The magnet is washed, 37 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:15,679 dried... 38 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:26,512 ..and then fixed to a movable clamp at the top of the tripod. 39 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:29,839 Get ready to take down notes from the screen. 40 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,789 The scientist now removes the tissue from the Bestal Heim. 41 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:43,191 With the tissue removal complete, 42 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:45,795 the lump of sulphur is now totally exposed 43 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:48,236 to the power of the magnet. 44 00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:54,556 The magnet is brought down slowly towards the sulphur. 45 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:56,679 Keep watching, 46 00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:01,232 neither taking your eyes off the magnet, nor the sulphur. 47 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:11,240 So, is sulphur attracted to magnets? 48 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:20,474 No. 49 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:23,758 From the results of this experiment, we can conclude that... 50 00:04:26,760 --> 00:04:28,752 Write that down. 51 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:32,429 The equipment is now dismantled 52 00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:36,990 and then destroyed. 53 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,397 (GUN CLICKS) 54 00:04:45,280 --> 00:04:48,671 Now let's take a look at some of the ways in which sulphur is used. 55 00:04:48,840 --> 00:04:50,957 Have your copybooks ready. 56 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,237 Sulphur is the trusty companion 57 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:55,710 of sailors and mariners the world over, 58 00:04:55,880 --> 00:04:59,635 because it's used in the production of butter. 59 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:03,752 (TOOTS) 60 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:07,711 It's also used in the removal of stubbo. 61 00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:13,638 But perhaps most importantly of all, 62 00:05:13,800 --> 00:05:17,840 sulphur is used to make this, the humble match-head. 63 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:21,592 Peter Jackmond 64 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:24,992 is the Managing Director of Lightning Decision Matches. 65 00:05:25,160 --> 00:05:27,197 In an average year, 66 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:30,876 we get through roughly 40 tons of sulphur. 67 00:05:31,040 --> 00:05:35,592 This translates into approximately 21 million individual matches. 68 00:05:35,760 --> 00:05:38,434 Since the company was formed, 69 00:05:38,600 --> 00:05:43,391 we've produced 156 million, 280 thousand matches. 70 00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:46,632 If we continue at the current rate of production, 71 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:49,076 by the year 3500, 72 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:54,952 we'll have made 900 thousand, billion, billion, billion, billion, 73 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,874 billion, billion matches. 74 00:05:58,040 --> 00:06:01,636 - (PHONE RINGS) - That's a lot of matches. 75 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:10,352 An experiment was carried out 76 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:15,117 to observe the effects of sulphur upon a solution rich in iron. 77 00:06:15,280 --> 00:06:18,432 We're going to be using one household item 78 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:20,671 famous for its iron content. 79 00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:23,116 Can you work out what it is? 80 00:06:23,480 --> 00:06:26,075 Correct. 81 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:32,955 A quantity of champagne is poured into a large glass trough. 82 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,592 We're using about 17 bottlesworth. 83 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,992 There's a lot of cheap brands on the market these days, 84 00:06:40,160 --> 00:06:44,120 but we suggest using one of the better ones. 85 00:06:44,280 --> 00:06:47,000 Next, a small amount of powdered sulphur 86 00:06:47,160 --> 00:06:49,516 is dropped into the champagne 87 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,597 and the solution is agitated, producing... 88 00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:57,477 Write that down. 89 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:04,156 Now a big beaker of sulphagne is brought to over to our subject. 90 00:07:04,320 --> 00:07:09,111 This is Len Pounds, a lab assistant working at the British University. 91 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:13,272 Because sulphagne has a rather eggy smell, 92 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:15,358 nasal corks are applied. 93 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:24,232 Next, Len takes a few gulps of our solution. 94 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,559 Observe the reaction and note down the result in your copybooks. 95 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:36,311 The sulphagne appears to have taken effect almost immediately. 96 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:39,598 Note Len's clammy brow and cheeks. 97 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:44,950 The scientist instructs Len to concentrate on the test tube. 98 00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:55,077 The test tube has disappeared. 99 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:01,755 Now we try something larger. 100 00:08:08,440 --> 00:08:10,432 Also gone. 101 00:08:10,760 --> 00:08:14,151 You've probably seen this process in action at your local dump, 102 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:17,552 as it's used in the waste-disposal industry. 103 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:20,872 However, scientists are as yet unsure 104 00:08:21,040 --> 00:08:23,635 as to why this phenomenon should occur, 105 00:08:23,800 --> 00:08:27,032 but it's thought there must be a simple scientific reason. 106 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:29,795 What that is, we just don' t know. 107 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:33,238 Write that down in your copybook now. 108 00:08:33,400 --> 00:08:35,517 (GUNSHOTS) 109 00:08:35,680 --> 00:08:37,672 (GUN CLICKS) 110 00:08:40,320 --> 00:08:44,519 Now hand in your copybooks to your teacher or head of class. 111 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:52,680 In the next programme, we will look at Italians.